![]() ![]() These findings enhance our understanding of pica in children and adults. Pica is persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood material for 1 month when it is developmentally inappropriate (eg, pica is not diagnosed in children < 2 years) and when it is not part of a cultural tradition (eg, of folk medicine, religious rites, or common practice, such as ingestion of clay kaolin in the Georgia Piedmont). Another major finding of this study was that other eating disorders co-exist with pica in children and adults. Moreover, our findings suggest that lead poisoning was a significant outcome of pica in children. Our study identified important outcomes of pica including hospitalization in the first 75 days after diagnosis, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and infections, and fluid and electrolyte imbalance in both children and adults. We also found that decreased hemoglobin and increased red cell distribution width (RDW) were laboratory predictors of pica. Pica in children, and feeding disorder in infancy and childhood, are incorporated with enuresis, encopresis, and feeding, movement and speech disorders in a separate heterogeneous group of disorders. In adults, additional predictors were anxiety disorder and menstrual bleeding disorders. However, in the Draft of ICD10, only anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are listed under eating disorders. For instance, anemia, which usually is the result of iron deficiency, could be an underlying cause of pica as well. In children, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was the strongest predictor of pica. Just like that, eating junk foods, having genetic nutritional disorders, harboring poor eating habits, or simply aging could be the reason behind nutritional deficiency in adults and, thus, pica. The findings of this study suggest that iron deficiency, mood disorders and obesity were significant predictors of pica. Cases and controls were also followed for 12 months after diagnosis or index date to study outcomes. The predictors of pica were identified in the 12 month look-back period before diagnosis or index date. Cases were matched with 3 controls based on diagnosis or index date (month and year), age, gender, and region. Cases were defined as patients who had a diagnosis of pica listed on either inpatient or outpatient claims. This is a case-control study of 7,684 patients aged 2 to 64 years who were enrolled in one of the nation’s largest commercial insurance programs between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. We also studied health outcomes of pica including but not limited to hospitalizations in children and adults. Pica and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Compulsive eating of non-food items to relieve stress is a form of pica, and reports show it to be present in disorders like OCD Pica is also reported to be seen at a higher rate in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease as well as in pediatric dialysis patients. ![]() The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of pica including iron deficiency, other comorbid conditions, psychiatric disorders, behaviors and laboratory markers in children and adults. ![]() Pica is poorly understood, but its association with iron deficiency is well established. Pagophagia (consumption of ice) is the predominant type of pica in adults and geophagia (consumption of dirt) is most common in children. for more than one month, as diagnosed based on DSM-V criteria. read more ) is not considered pica.Pica is an eating disorder of chewing non-nutritional substances such as ice, dirt, corn starch, paint etc. Swallowing objects in an attempt to cause self-harm or to falsify illness (as occurs in factitious disorder Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self Factitious disorder is falsification of physical or psychologic symptoms without an obvious external incentive the motivation for this behavior is to assume the sick role. read more, schizophrenia Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is characterized by psychosis (loss of contact with reality), hallucinations (false perceptions), delusions (false beliefs), disorganized speech and behavior, flattened affect. read more, intellectual disability Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability is characterized by significantly subaverage intellectual functioning (often expressed as an intelligence quotient < 70 to 75) combined with limitations of adaptive. Pica itself rarely impairs social functioning, but it often occurs in people with other mental disorders that do impair functioning (eg, autism Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, and uneven intellectual. ![]()
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